The Medes settled and were known as Mauri, later Moors. Persians went to the West and intermarried with the Gaetulians and became the Numidians. ![]() According to the Roman historian Sallust, the demigod Hercules died in Spain and his polyglot eastern army was left to settle the land, with some migrating to Africa. It was believed in ancient times that Africa was originally populated by Gaetulians and Libyans, both nomadic peoples. Agricultural communities in the humid coastal plains of central Tunisia then were ancestors of today's Berber tribes. īefore Tunisia, the territory's name was Ifriqiya or Africa, which gave the present day name of the continent Africa.įarming methods reached the Nile Valley from the Fertile Crescent region about 5000 BC, and spread to the Maghreb by about 4000 BC. It is sometimes also associated with the Punic goddess Tanith (aka Tunit), ancient city of Tynes. It is generally associated with the Berber root ⵜⵏⵙ, transcribed tns, which means "to lay down" or "encampment". The name Tunis can be attributed to different origins. In this case, the same name is used for both country and city, as with the Arabic تونس, and only by context can one tell the difference. Other languages remained untouched, such as the Russian Туни́с ( Tunís) and Spanish Túnez. The French derivative Tunisie was adopted in some European languages with slight modifications, introducing a distinctive name to designate the country. The present form of the name, with its Latinate suffix -ia, evolved from French Tunisie. The word Tunisia is derived from Tunis a central urban hub and the capital of modern-day Tunisia. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. After several attempts starting in 647, the Arabs conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697, followed by the Ottomans between 15. The Romans, who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. ![]() Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC these immigrants founded Carthage. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Close relations with Europe – in particular with France and with Italy – have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It has an association agreement with the European Union is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77 and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World. Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. Its 1,300 kilometres (810 miles) of coastline includes the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, features the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. ![]() Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. ![]() Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on Tunisia's northeast coast. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11 million in 2014. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. Tunisia ( Arabic: تونس Tūnis French: Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia ( Arabic: الجمهورية التونسية al-Jumhūrīya at-Tūnisīya ) is a country in North Africa, covering 165,000 square kilometres (64,000 square miles).
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